Anti-Imperialist Anarchist Criticism and State Repression
Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman and the Criticism of the Political Economy of War in the United States during the First World War, 1917-1919
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v50i201.1913Keywords:
anarchism, Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, First World War, DeportationAbstract
The First World War caused harsh reactions by the United States government against critics of the war effort. One famous case for such a reaction is the trial and deportation of the famous US anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman to Soviet Russia in December 1919. The two radicals had not only identified, but also agitated against the political economy of the war and the exploitation of the American working class. Their criticism and the consequences are the main aspects the present article intends to deal with.
Downloads
References
Adams, Matthew S. / Kinna, Ruth (Hg.) (2017): Anarchism, 1914-18: Internationalism, Anti-Militarism and War. Manchester. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526115768.
Arendt, Hannah (2018). Die Freiheit, frei zu sein. München.
Ashbolt, Anthony (2003): Love and Hate in European Eyes: Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman on America. In: Australasian Journal of American Studies 22(1): 1-14.
Avrich, Paul / Avrich, Karen (2012): Sasha and Emma: The Anarchist Odyssey of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman. Cambridge/MA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674067677.
Bergmann, Theodor u.a. (1996): Einleitung. In: Ders. u.a. (Hg.): Zwischen Utopie und Kritik: Friedrich Engels – ein »Klassiker« nach 100 Jahren. Hamburg: 9-13.
Bernstein, Michael A. / Wilson, Mark R. (2011): New Perspectives on the History of the Military-Industrial Complex. In: Enterprise & Society 12(1): 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/es/khq148.
Bois, Marcel / Jacob, Frank (Hg.) (2020): Zeiten des Aufruhrs (1916–1921). Globale Proteste, Streiks und Revolutionen gegen den Ersten Weltkrieg und seine Auswirkungen. Berlin.
Cornell, Andrew (2016): Unruly Equality. U.S. Anarchism in the Twentieth Century. Oakland/CA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520961845.
Dal Lago, Enrico / Healy, Róisín / Barry, Gearóid (Hg.) (2018): 1916 in Global Context. An Anti-Imperial Moment. London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315180076.
Drinnon, Richard / Drinnon, Anna Maria (1975): Nowhere at Home: Letters from Exile. New York.
Drinnon, Richard (1982): Rebel in Paradise. A Biography of Emma Goldman. Chicago.
Dunlap, Charles J., Jr. (2011): The Military-Industrial Complex, In: Daedalus 140(3): 135-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00104.
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1961): Military-Industrial Complex Speech, 17.1.1961.
Falk, Candace (1990): Love, Anarchy, & Emma Goldman. A Biography. New Brunswick/NJ.
– (Hg.) (1995): Emma Goldman. A Guide to Her Life and Documentary Sources. Alexandria/VA.
Galleani, Luigi (2006): Anarchy will be! Selected Writings of Luigi Galleani, hgg. v. Barry Pateman. Edinburgh.
Goldman, Emma (1915): Preparedness, the Road to Universal Slaughter. In. Mother Earth 10(10). URL: https://theanarchistlibrary.org, Zugriff: 25.8.2019.
Hennes, Michael (2003): Der neue Militärisch-Industrielle Komplex in den USA. In: APuZ 46: 41-46.
Herwig, Holger H. (2015): »One Hell of a Business«. The Genesis of the Military-Industrial Complex in the United States. In: Kollmer, Dieter H. (Hg.): Militärisch-Industrieller Komplex? Rüstung in Europa und Nordamerika nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Freiburg/Br.: 29-48.
Jacob, Frank / Altieri, Riccardo (Hg.) (2018): Krieg und Frieden im Spiegel des Sozialismus 1914-1918. Berlin.
Jacob, Frank (2018b): From Aspiration to Frustration: Emma Goldman’s Perception of the Russian Revolution. In: Amercian Communist History 17(2): 185-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14743892.2018.1464302.
– (2019): Radical Trinity. Anarchist, Jew, or New Yorker? In Kunze, Sebastian / Jacob, Frank (Hg.): Jewish Radicalisms. Historical Perspectives on a Phenomenon of Global Modernity. Berlin: 153-180.
– (Hg.) (2020a): Engels @ 200. Reading Friedrich Engels in the 21st Century. Marburg.
– (2020b): Emma Goldman and the Russian Revolution. From Admiration to Frustration. Berlin.
– (2020c): 1917 – Die korrumpierte Revolution. Marburg.
Kampmark, Binoy (2016): Science and War: Remembering the Military Industrial Complex. In: New Zealand International Review 36(4): 11-14.
Kellermann, Philippe (2016). Propaganda der Tat. Standpunkte und Debatten (1877-1929). Münster.
Kennedy, David M. (2004): Over Here. The First World War and American Society. 25th Anniversary Edition. Oxford-New York.
Kennedy, Ross A. (2001): Woodrow Wilson, World War I, and an American Conception of National Security. In: Diplomatic History 25(1): 1-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0145-2096.00247.
Kennedy, Sinclair (1917): An Open Letter to Howard E. Coffin, Esq., Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense. Brookline/MA.
Koistinen, Paul A. C. (1967): The »Industrial-Military Complex« in Historical Perspective. World War I. In: The Business History Review 41(4): 378-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3112647.
Lehnert, Detlef / Morina, Christina (Hg.) (2020): Friedrich Engels und die Sozialdemokratie. Werke und Wirkungen eines Europäers. Berlin.
Levy, Carl (2019); Anarchism and Cosmopolitanism. In: Ders. / Adams, Matthew S. (Hg.): The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. Cham: 125-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_7.
McKnight Nichols, Christopher (2009): Rethinking Randolph Bourne’s Trans-National America. How World War I Created an Isolationist Antiwar Pluralism. In: The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 8(2): 217-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537781400001158.
NYT (The New York Times), 12.10.1916.
– (1917a): Anarchists Demand Strike to End War, 19.5.1917.
– (1917b): Government to End All Anarchy Here, 17.6.1917.
– (1917c): Emma Goldman Out On Bail, 22.6.1917.
– (1917d): Leaders Disappoint Anarchist Hordes, 24.6.1917.
– (1917e): »Reds Are Defiant, Can Get No Delay«, 28.6.1917.
– (1917f): Anarchists Delay Trial, 30.6.1917.
Perlo-Freeman, Sam / Sköns, Elisabeth (2008): The Private Military Services Industry. In: SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security 1: 1-18.
Rublew, Dimitri (2017): Die politische Position der Anarchisten in der russischen Revolution 1917-1918. In: Kellermann, Philippe (Hg.): Anarchismus und russische Revolution. Berlin: 11-66.
Shulman, Alix (1971): To the Barricades: The Anarchist Life of Emma Goldman. New York.
Tierney, John J., Jr. (2014): For America ›The War to End War‹ Was Just the Beginning. In: The Brown Journal of World Affairs 21(1): 219-229.
Wexler, Alice (1989): Emma Goldman in Exile: From the Russian Revolution to the Spanish Civil War. Boston.
Wilson, Ross J. (2016). New York and the First World War. Shaping an American City. New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315598215.
Wilson, Woodrow (1916a): Address in Pitsburgh, 19.1.1916. In: Link, Arhur S. u.a. (Hg.) (1966-1994): The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, Bd. 36. Princeton: 39.
– (1916b): A Colloquy with a Group of Antipreparredness Leaders, 8.5.1916. In: Link, Arhur S. u.a. (Hg.) (1966-1994): The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, Bd. 37. Princeton: 214-215.